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Piazza Navona

The baroque Piazza Navona is probably the most beautiful piazza in Rome. It is in the form of a giant oval with Via Vittorio Emanuele at one end and the other end 300m from the Tiber. The shape results from the ruins of the Stadium of Domitian, which lie underneath the present constructions. It is thought that in medieval times, the popes used to flood the piazza to stage mock naval encounters.

The main points of interest are the Church of Sant'Agnese in Agone built by Borromini1657. In front of this lies the Fountain of the Four Rivers by Bernini around a large obelisk. Each figure symbolises the world's great rivers, the Ganges, Danube, de la Plata and the Nile. The figure with the shroud on its head is the Nile, so represented because the river's source was unkown at the time. The most interesting figure is the one holding his hand up to shield his eyes from the ugly sight of Sant'Agnese. Bernini and Borromini were keen rivals.

More Details on Piazza Navona

The buildings that surround Piazza Navona are the remains of the Circus Domitianus, Domitian's stadium -- a part of which can be seen if you leave the piazza by the north exit and turn left. The piazza marks the area for the races in the stadium. It features many fine old buildings, a church and three fountains.
It was in the arena that the twelve-year-old Christian, Agnes, refused to marry a pagan and was thus martyred on the spot where the church of Sant'Agnese is located. In ancient times the stadium was the site of the Agonal games, from which the present piazza takes its name by corruption from "in agone" to "n'agone" to "navone" and finally "navona", and is now called Piazza Navona.

In the centre of the Piazza Navona is Bernini's most spectacular fountain, la Fontana dei Fiumi , erected in 1651. It features a central rocky structure that supports an obelisk that was an ancient Roman imitation of the Egyptian form. Around this structure are four giant statues by Bernini's pupils following his designs representing the Nile, the Danube, the Ganges, and the Rio della Plata, each representing one of the four quarters of the world. These statues have quite lifelike positions and have such movement to them that they seem to be gesticulating.

To the western side of the piazza stands the delightful church of Sant'Angese in Agone. It was in this location that Agnese was exposed naked, but miraculously covered by the prodigious growth of her hair. The church was commissioned by Pope Innocent X in 1652 on the site which is wider than it is long. Not long after the project was initiated Francesco Borromini took control of it and was responsible for the completion of the dome and building the twin belltowers. The concave facade was also his design. It is thought that one of the statues in Bernini's fontana dei fiumi is covering his face so as not to look at the church. This was thought to be the case because of an intense rivalry between the two artists. However, the dates of the construction of each showns that the fountain was built first. Strangely there is a solitary statue above the facade of the church that is looking away, when it would be normal for it to be facing the fountain.

At the northern end of Piazza Navona is the fontana di Nettuno (=Neptune), the basin of which was by Giacomo della Porta (1576) and the statues of Neptune and the Nereids were from last century. And at the southern end, the fontana del Moro (=Moor), which was also designed by Bernini and features the statue of a Moor fighting with a dolphin.

If you leave the Piazza Navona at the south end going west, you'll come to another piazza which is the home of Pasquino, one of Rome's "taking" statues. It was on this statue that many satirical comments were attached when it was not safe to talk openly. In the dead of night a political commentator would nefariously attach some nasty ironic comment that would be found in the morning and its content would spread around the whole city.

Piazza Navona is an extremely lively place with open air cafes around it. During the summer there are numerous artists who draw or paint members of the public for a fee. The place is crowded each day and there are often buskers and sometimes mimes to entertain. At Christmas time the piazza is filled with stalls selling figurines of all sizes and forms for cribs, so well into a frozen December night you can come here and see all the lights of the stalls and perhaps think about making your own crib.